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Around 20 years ago, a prominent issue in the global economy was the imbalance of current accounts. The current account comprises the import and export of goods and services, as well as the net return on mutual foreign investments, with the former being the primary component. Current account imbalances can be viewed as trade imbalances—namely, the persistent or even growing trade surpluses or deficits of various economies as a proportion of their GDP.

Recently, Interactive Brokers announced that users can now connect large language models like ChatGPT, Claude, and Grok directly to their investment accounts for market research, portfolio analysis, and even trade generation. Large language models are evolving from conversation tools that simply answer questions and generate content into intelligent agents capable of calling external tools, connecting to real-world systems, and participating in complex decision-making.

In recent years, as the two-way investment landscape between China and the rest of the world has markedly changed, the scope of Hong Kong’s bridging role has also expanded. To analyse this evolution and the development opportunities it presents, it is necessary to examine trends in the data on China’s realized foreign direct investment (FDI) and outward foreign direct investment (ODI).