強積金是香港的強制性公積金計劃,旨在為居民提供基本的退休保障。在過去25年裡,強積金對香港普惠金融的發展起了重要的推動作用,成功鼓勵了家庭參與證券市場。然而,其年化回報率偏低的問题一直備受批評。隨著積金易平台即將推出,不同強積金計劃將可以整合到統一數碼制度中,這正好提供一個有利的契機,以對香港的主要退休儲蓄制度作出重大改進。 關穎倫教授、Thomas Maurer教授及太明珠教授分析了導致強積金表現欠佳的三個主要原因:資產配置過於保守,限制了收益潜力;部分強積金產品質量不高,管理或投資策略存在缺陷;以及高昂的費用,直接侵蝕了投資者的回報。針對這些問題,他們向政府提出了以下建議:首先,政府可以修訂預設投資策略以進一步降低費率,同時積金局亦可以邀請收費較低的新服務供應商進入市場。其次,政府應積極監察資產配置,透過採取規定性措施、推廣理財教育及篩選強積金資訊,協助市場參與者了解強積金複雜的投資產品空間。第三,政府可以開拓強積金的產品空間,引入更多元化的投資選擇。最後,積金局應提高數據透明度,並善用其數據資源進行分析。
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3917 1676
KK 1115
We examine how investor demand for leverage shapes asset management fees. We show that in the sample of U.S. equity mutual funds: (1) fees increase in fund market beta precisely for beta larger than one; (2) this relation becomes stronger and high-beta funds experience larger inflows when leverage constraints tighten; and (3) low net alphas are especially common among high-beta funds. These results are consistent with a model in which asset managers compete for leverage-constrained investors with heterogeneous risk aversion. The asymmetric relation between betas and fees also extends to the HML and SMB factors.
Take the recent study by Chen Lin and Mingzhu Tai from the HKU Business School, conducted with collaborators from the University of California, Berkeley and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Their paper addressed a fundamental worry for almost everyone during the pandemic: Money. Specifically, they examined how people in the U.S. saved money in response to COVID-19.
為什麼在疫情期間會有大量存款匯入銀行?我們發現,銀行分行若位於2019冠狀病毒病感染率較高的地區,它們的存款利率較位於感染率較低的地區的銀行分行(即便是隸屬同一家銀行集團)為低。信貸提取、國家政策(如薪資保護計劃)以及避險措施並非導致這些銀行分行之間出現存款利率變化的原因。證據顯示,2019冠狀病毒病感染率較高的地區與當地民眾對其就業前景和收入減少的焦慮有連帶關係,導致民眾減少支出和增加銀行存款。